Equal Pay Act of 1963 an Analysis Essay - 656 Words

Equal Pay Act of 1963: an Analysis Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 3 Derfinition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Page 3 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Page 3 Application to Interviewing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 4 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 4 Despite our country’s love of freedom, throughout its history, the United States has oppressed minorities. If someone isn’t a middle-aged Caucasian male, they automatically have to work harder just to receive the same opportunities and compensation. Various laws have been enacted to protect minorities from exploitation, including the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which was enacted to protect women from unfair wages. Equal employment†¦show more content†¦The Equal Pay Act doesn’t directly affect interviews, however gender discrimination, the basis for the Equal Pay Act, does show up in interview settings, and more specifically, in the hiring process. A prospective employer could ask a female job candidate about child care arrangements, or if she plans to get married and start a family. Both of these could be considered discriminatory if the interviewer rejects the candidate based on her answers. Women are continually being overlooked for promotions and addit ional projects in the workplace for the same reasons. Employers assume that women with families have other obligations, so they won’t consider those women for additional responsibility. Because of this, women aren’t even given the opportunity of job advancement and the opportunity to compete with men in the workplace. One way to counteract gender discrimination in the hiring process would be to implement policies that would identify highly qualified female candidates throughout the hiring process, along with identifying subconscious bias that interviewers may have toward female candidates. Although the Equal Pay Act has paved the way for many successful businesswomen, the majority of women still do not earn equal pay for equal work. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 has doneShow MoreRelatedKey Women s Issues Of Hr1501 Words   |  7 PagesKey Women’s Issues in HR â€Å"We have to pass pay equity for women workers. It is not acceptable that women are making 78 cents an hour compared to men,† said democratic candidate Bernie Sanders in a speech to the National Press Club in March of this year. 52 years after the Equal Pay Act was passed, working women in the United States still face a gender pay gap no matter what career they are in and while we have made progress since 1963, recently any improvement on the wage disparity has remainedRead MoreEqual Pay Act Assignment794 Words   |  4 Pages Equal Pay Act Assignment HRM6010 – Total Compensation Submitted by Prapatsorn Ratanasait Presented to October 28, 2014 College of Professional Studies Northeastern University Research the Equal Pay Act of 1963: why is it important to know this law when designing the internal alignment piece of your compensation program? The Equal Pay Act (EPA) means men and women receive the same amount of payment for doing the same work, which it will be illegal if employers pay women less than menRead MoreWomen Have Made Significant Strides In Society, Proving1292 Words   |  6 PagesWomen have made significant strides in society, proving themselves to be as capable as men in the workforce. However, while women are making equal contributions, men and women are not earning equal wages. Even though the Equal Pay Act was established in 1963, women continue to earn lower wages than men over half a century later. This inequality not only affects women as individuals but has a detrimental effect on the national economy. The gender wage gap in the United States should end because itRead MoreEqual Pay Act Of 19631382 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversies in the workforce today, is that women are continuing to be discriminated against by receiving less pay than males. This problem of women receiving less pay than males in the workforce is known as the Gender Wage Gap. Equal Pay Act of 1963 The wage gap has been a problem in the workplace for a long time now, but we are seeing constant progress. In 1963, the Equal Pay Act was signed into place, this law was passed to try and abolish any type of wage disparity based on gender. This lawRead MoreThe Issue Of Equal Pay For Equal Work1129 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue of equal pay for equal work performed by women; is a political hot button in the 2016 presidential campaign. So much so that the stump speeches, for both former secretary of state Hillary Clinton, and senator, Bernie Sanders, always include this issue. Since the 1960s, congress and many researchers have tested this theory. In order to affirm the validity of this message, we will perform a five-step hypothesis test. In the book, â€Å"Statistical Techniques in Business Economics,† authorsRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace1323 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The United States has always been praised for freedom and equality. However, there is a notable area of inequality in the workforce: the gender pay gap. In the Unites States, a woman makes, on average, a mere 78 cents to the dollar earned by a man. This statistic has remained steady and has only seen a small 18 cent increase in the past few decades. A majority of the wage gap is due to unsound social biases. Because gender inequality in the workforce is fueled by complex factorsRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1738 Words   |  7 Pagesdisadvantage. The Paycheck Fairness Act is an effort to address the issue of the wage gap. It’s purpose is to stop retaliation against employees who disclose wage information and closes loopholes that employers use to avoid paying women equal wages. The Paycheck Fairness act is necessary to lessen the hardships of women due to the gender wage gap, it would help decrease sex based discrimination in the workplace, and because it would help fix the issues that past acts have not been able to resolve andRead MoreAnalysis of High Turnover Rate1744 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of High Turnover Rate Introduction High turnover rate of minorities and female employees has become a serious issue in the United States. Even though many ethnic races form this country, male Anglo-Saxons dominate the majority of the workforce. It is not uncommon for minority and female employees to leave their company after only working for a few years. Why has this behavior become a trend? In order to stop this trend, companies must ask themselves several questions. For example, whatRead MoreEqual Pay For Equal Work1110 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK Equal Pay for Equal Work Ellen F. Gossett English Composition II Trevecca Nazarene University Abstract There are many forms of discrimination that our society still faces even today. Whether it is discrimination against someone for religion, race, sexuality, or just the way they look, someone is always being targeted. There is one place in particular that discrimination should not be happening, but it is, and that is in our workplaces. The groupRead MoreGender Discrimination And Equal Employment Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesGender Discrimination and Equal Employment Introduction Discrimination has existed since the beginning of time. Often time people discriminate upon individuals unintentionally, because of certain stereotypes that have associated with race, gender, and religion. The First Amendment of the United States gives each individual the freedom of not only religion, but expression, and speech. Yet, despite the many historic and recent efforts gender discrimination and inequality is still a major issue in

Essay about Darwin’s Four Main Principles - 465 Words

During the time when Charles Darwin was alive (1809-1882) most of the Western culture believed that the world was created by God and only several thousand years old. They believed that our world was always like it was then. So when Darwin wrote The Origin of Species it shook up both the cultural and scientific views of his time. His views that evolution occurs by natural selection was one of the most radial theories during his time, yet today is widely accepted as a fact among most of the world. The first principle of Darwin’s theory is that individuals vary in many heritable traits, and that no two individuals are exactly alike. He first noticed this during his observations of the different†¦show more content†¦This inequality creates a struggle for survival among individuals within that environment. This struggle leads to the death of the individuals who are not able to survive within the environments limitations, and the only individual remaining reproduce. Depending on the resources that are available, as in food, water, weather, etc., part of the population will not be able to survive and reproduce. Third, individuals who are best fit for the current environment leave a disproportionaly large number of offspring compared to individuals who are not fit. When that happens over many generations a species’ gene pool changes to only include the traits that are a best fit for ensuring survival of that species, and a new species may evolve. In the case of the Galapagos finches Darwin studied, biologists have since found that one of the differences was their beak size, which were adapted to the specific seeds available to the finches as food on the different islands. This would support this principle as only the birds able to eat the local seeds would be able to survive to reproduce, thus over many generations, new finches with a variety of different beak sizes would â€Å"evolve†. TheShow MoreRelatedCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution904 Words   |  4 Pagesdetermine the way that a species can evolve over time. Charles Darwin is just one of these scientists. He came up with a theory that explains how species’ evolve and change. He believed that species change by a process called â€Å"natural selection.† Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection can explain the way that a species can evolve and change over time. Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in the town of Shrewsbury, England. He had five older siblings and came from a long line of scientistsRead MoreScientific Theories Aligning with Evolution721 Words   |  3 Pageschosen species.Living organisms are believed to have developed from earlier forms throughout history as a result of Evolution (oxforddictionaries,2014). The species to be further researched on is the Giraffe. ‘Darwinism’ and ‘Lamarckism’ are the two main theories focused on throughout the analysis, both will be investigated to determine the comparisons and differences towards the evolutionary process of a Giraffes life. Jean Baptiste Lamarck, best recognised for his theory of inheritance and acquiredRead More Evolution and The Island of Doctor Moreau1437 Words   |  6 Pagesare a lot of misconceptions about Darwins theory of evolution. One of the biggest is that he called the theory by that name. Albrecht von Haller used the word evolution in 1744 to mean to unroll, so the word was around in Darwins time, but Darwin never used it in the sense we use it today. It was added later by others, including Herbert Spencer, who is responsible for the theory we call Social Darwinism. This theory is misnamed; it is not based on Darwins work, but Spencers. Darwin didRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution Essay1311 Words   |  6 Pagesthat all things were simply places on Earth in their present form, common to modern day Creationism. Even after this, Darwin was not the first to try explain evolution, he just provided convincing proof and published his ideas. The publishing of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution was one of the most important biological advancements of all time, additionally; it led to answers about the earth’s history, and gives insight into mankind’s own ancient, unwritten past. Charles Darwin was a naturalist fromRead MoreHuman Development Theories Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagespsychodynamic theory there are four other human development philosophies; biological, cognitive, behavioral and systems model. Even though these theories differ they all contain the same basic assumptions. People will continue to grow. People exhibit both stability and flux as they pass through life. People are holistic, of mind body and spirit. Lastly, individual people must be understood in the context of relationships and setting (Cash White, 2012). There are three main concepts in the theory of BiologicalRead MoreThe Father Of American Anthropology906 Words   |  4 Pagesimaginative, energetic, and emotionally stable third of mankind, all races would be present.† – Franz Boas Franz Boas has been called the â€Å"Father of American Anthropology.† Dr. Boas did not obtain his degree in anthropology, but went on to help create the four fields of anthropology and teach many of the most well-known anthropologists of today. His contributions to the field of cultural anthropology alone are magnificent, Dr. Boas and his students had managed to completely alter how we as a society viewedRead MoreHow Genes Change Overtime And The Structure And Function Of Genes853 Words   |  4 Pageschange overtime due to diseases inherited from our parents, the environment we live in, both the actual living environment and the nutritional standpoint, and the lifestyle habits can affect our genes, which alter the future of evolutionary change. Darwin’s definition of theory is stated as the change in the genetic structure of population, frequently used to refer to the appearance of new species. Changes allow the organisms to better adapt to the environment, which in turn will help them survive andRead More The Effects of Aristotelian Teleological Thought on Darwins Mechanistic Views of Evolution2384 Words   |  10 Pages The Effects of Aristotelian Teleological Thought on Darwins Mechanistic Views of Evolution nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The need to understand organisms has been a much sought goal of science since its birth as biology. History shows Aristotle and Charles Darwin as two of the most powerful biologists of all time. Aristotles teleological method was supported widely for over 2,000 years. One scientist remarks that the Aristotelian teleology quot;has been the ghost, the unexplained mysteryRead MoreCharles Darwin Was Not the First to Develop a Theory of Evolution3779 Words   |  16 Pagesof scientists in 1858 . . . Darwins theories shocked most people of his day, who believed that each species had been created by a separate divine act. His book, which is usually called simply The Origin of Species presented facts that disputed this belief. It caused a revolution in biological science and greatly affected religious thought. (3) Two ideas have been propounded by evolutionists through the years and repeated ad hominem to the general public by Darwins followers: That Darwin wasRead MoreDiscussions and Arguments of Old Earth vs Young Earth Creationism1239 Words   |  5 Pages TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS III INTRODUCTION 1 ATHEISTIC EVOLUTION 1 THEISTIC EVOLUTION 1 OLD EARTH CREATIONISM 1 YOUNG EARTH CREATIONISM 2 COPERNICAN PRINCIPLE 2 EVOLUTIONISM 2 YOUNG EARTH AND OLD EARTH CREATIONISM ARGUMENTS 3 PERSONAL VIEW 4 CONCLUSION 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 INTRODUCTION Evolution theories have been around for a long time. There have also been a lot of old- and young Earth creationism arguments. These theories and arguments are discussed in this paper

Should Jack the Ripper be taught in Ks3 today free essay sample

I am sure you have heard of the unidentified murderer dubbed with the name ‘Jack the Ripper’ who was active around the Whitechapel area of London in 1888. He was well known for killing 5 female prostitutes, the victims were all killed at about the same time and place which led the police to think it was a serial killer. ‘Jack’ was pictured as being a middle aged man living his life alone and wearing a long black coat to cover up any blood stains seeing as he only killed in public places. Still, today investigations have not gone far enough to reveal who was behind the spine chilling name of Jack the ripper, which reflected the violence of the murders. From my perspective I don’t think Jack the Ripper should be taught in ks3 for many reasons, although I do understand why we learn about it today, in the 21st century. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Jack the Ripper be taught in Ks3 today? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It seems that even today, everybody has heard of him and his horrific deeds. The Whitechapel murders are still taught to children in schools, but why? The main cause for this continued fascination is the fact that the true identity of the Ripper has never been determined. Firstly the disturbing pictures and unpleasant stories are the reasons to why I feel as if Jack the ripper shouldn’t be taught. By exposing these images to young minds, children could have varied thoughts or interpretations. Also Jack the Ripper only tells a small proportion of the history from that specific era which could lead to us having the wrong views on that era. And finally public health (another topic ) should be taught separately because Jack the ripper has no relevance to it, and pupils learning about these two topics may find it extremely puzzling, and jumble them up. Of course there is another side to this debate, being that Jack the Ripper should be taught in KS3. ’ After all it is part of history , no matter how gruesome the facts are. Once again there are many points to why we actually learn about Jack the ripper today in our schools. One being it helps us to understand how society has changed by showing a lot of public attitudes eg: the public blamed religious groups for the graffiti and the rich believed it must have been one of the poor who was jack the ripper, showing the divide between these two classes. Also because the victims were prostitutes they were not considered that important. Furthermore it’s good to see evidence so we can actually experience it ourselves rather than being told because by analysing things ourselves, it will help us in the future. And finally historical figures like Jack the Ripper should not be forgotten even if the stories were graphic , because they made history. If they weren’t remembered we wouldn’t be able to learn about our past, we would be stuck in the future. In conclusion I feel fairly strong about my opinion because of the reasons given. Jack the Ripper was a figure in history but not one required to be learnt about, in the same way that todays serial killers will not form part of our history in the future . Therefore Jack the Ripper should not have to be taught in KS3.

Diploma of Business Management

Question: Discuss about the Diploma of Business Management. Answer: Introduction Business management in an organization is the activities associated with proper planning, organizing, leading and controlling the business operation. The organization chosen for this study is Tesco in Ireland. Tesco Ireland is the Irish arm of Tesco Supermarket Group (Tesco.ie. 2016). It operates full sized supermarket under the main Tesco Brand (Tesco.ie 2016). As per the record of 2012, Tesco controlled 28% of the total grocery market of Ireland (Tesco.ie 2016). The study will describe the role of management within the organization in term of P-O-L-C. The study will also analyze the role of human resource department, recruitment technique and appraisal technique for the organization. Apart from that, a range of controlling and monitoring technique of TESCO will also be evaluated within this study. Role of management within the organization (P-O-L-C) Factors Description Explanation Planning Vision Better shopping experience to everyday customers Growing business with full of opportunities Earning faith and loyalty from customers, employees and communities Innovative, modern and full of ideas Mission To be champion by improving the quality of customers life Provide great value an great product in an efficient manner Serving customers is at everything to be done Strategizing Focus on market dynamics Creating strong brand image Work smartly towards product customization Accountable with every action and inaction Goals To be globally known organization Strive for innovation and sourcing great quality and affordable products Helping communities through financially supporting them Organizing Organizational Structure Delegation of authority to capable employees Departmentalization depending on types of operation Resource Allocation Using 30% of group profit to open up 50 new franchise stores in all over the world Managers are given authority to use resources where necessary Leading Leadership style Top managers takes administrative decision Departmental managers controls their immediate subordinate Motivation Employee motivation through fair salary, incentives, bonus and profit sharing Competition among employees itself motivates them Communication Transparent communication among all the hierarchy level Low level managers easily approach high level managers Controlling Reporting system of sales persons Each sale person should report to market developer Evaluation system of sales person Evaluation of salesperson is done on quarterly basis Table: Management role in organization (Source: Tesco.ie. 2016) Personnel Management Role of Human Resource department Recruitment The human resources department of TESCO is responsible for recruiting right employees for right jobs. The HR managers of the organization are to forecast the balance between human resource demand and supply. This department also sources competent candidates from external sources, who will have matching skills needed by the job. Employee Relation The managers of human resource department are highly responsible for maintaining unionized work environment within the organization. TESCO highly focuses on building flexible work environment within the workplace. Therefore, the HR department is always concerned with mitigating the employee issues immediately. The department never gives the scope of employee confliction. Apart from that, the HR managers also take care of employee job satisfaction and motivation through fair wage, benefits and safety measures. Training and Development In order to provide unique and dynamic want of customers, the employees of TESCO have to be expert in their respective fields. According to Back, Parboteeah and Nam (2014), the HR managers identify the skills needed by the employees for achieving organizational goals. On the other hand, the managers provide all the necessary equipment to the employees for enhancing their skills towards organizational development. Tools and techniques used to recruit staff Applicant Tracking System (ATS) TESCO uses advance online technology for their recruitment purpose. ATS is such a technology that effectively track al the incoming CVs in the organization. With the advancement in technology, the organization also matches the skills of the candidates with the vacant position. Thus, it effectively assists in recruitment process and saves the time of HR managers. Interview technique Both video interview and face-to-face interview are used by TESCO in recruiting employees. In case of face-to face interview, the candidates come to TESCO campus and give interview in taken by HR mangers. The shortlisted candidates are given welcome notice after cracking the interview (Nedelko and Potocan 2013). On the other hand, in video interview technique, the candidates give interview at their convenience without coming to campus. The shortlisted candidates are given welcome notice over the mail through passing the interview. Tools and techniques used to appraise employees 360-Degree Appraisal TESCO use modern 360-degree appraisal technique for appraising their employees. In this technique, the employees are appraised based on reviews given by their colleagues, supervisors, subordinates and peers (Beadles et al. 2015). Peers, colleagues, supervisors and subordinates can provide better information regarding the employees to be appraised as they spend huge time with them. Therefore, the HR can get authentic information regarding the performance level of the employees through this technique. MBO approach In this appraisal technique, TESCO set the goals and standards of appraisal jointly with their employees. Goals are the output that each employee is to achieve over a period. On the other hand, HR managers also set the standard for measuring the performance level as an agreed term with individual employees (Rees and Smith 2014). Thus, the HR manager can easily evaluate the actual performance level of the employees while it deviates from set standard. Techniques used resolve conflict within the organization Win-Win Technique TESCO is an employee centric organization, which care for employees benefits. At the same time, the organization also has to look after its profit factors. Therefore, the organization uses Win-Win technique for resolving the employee confliction (Ouimet and Zarutskie 2014). The mangers never keep the scope, where employee confliction may lead to major employee dissatisfaction. In Win-Win technique, the HR managers of this organization come to mutual beneficial results with the employees. The mangers keep partly interest of the employees and partly interest of organization. Compromising TESCO also uses compromising technique in their confliction management technique. In this techniques, the HR mangers keeps the demands of the employees, while task are to complete within given within time boundary. Management and Leadership Difference between Management and Leadership Management and leadership go hand in hand, but still there are some differences. According to Schumacher et al. (2015), Management of TESCO frames the strategies and policies, which the employees are to follow. On the other hand, Ji et al. (2012) opined that Leaders guides and motivates employees to follow the strategies and policies. Management of this organization are more focused with systems and structures, whereas, leaders are more focused with developing people up to the standard set by the management. According to Randle, Leisch and Dolnicar (2013), the managers of TESCO generate good ideas for furthering their business. On the other hand, Espinilla et al. (2013) opined that leaders are implementing the ideas generated by management. Four Classic Leadership styles Democratic leadership TESCO can use democratic leadership styles for getting out more from teams. Ideas will move freely among the team members and superiors in this leadership styles. The leaders will provide scope for the employees to share their views in organizational success. Thus, the managers can get diverse set of solution to solve complex problems in dynamic situation. For instance, the leaders of Wal-Mart use democratic leadership and give employees enough freedom to share their concern regarding organization. This leadership styles has created flexible work environment and creative employees for the organization. Autocratic leadership style Autocratic leadership is characterized by leaders control over the decision making process and less input from the followers. Leaders just pass the decision to the followers and the followers are to follow the instruction as per the decision (Dusterhoff, Cunningham and MacGregor 2014). TESCO can use such leadership style, where decisions need to make quickly and get work accomplished effectively. It can down the morale of employees, as they are not involved in decision making process, but can also increase the productivity through adequate control over work structure. For example, IBM has used autocratic leadership style to get more control over the employees. Thus, they have become successful in creating an organized business with full of opportunities. Laissez-Faire Leadership In Laissez-Faire Leadership, the leaders do not much interfere in the work and decision making process (Boddy 2014). The decision making power is completely delegated to the employees. TESCO can use this leadership style, where their team members are extremely knowledgeable in their respective field. This leadership styles will create trust among the employees and they will show more creativity in their work. For instance, the leaders of Coles Australia have implemented this leadership style in their workplace. Thus, they are now able to motivate their employees towards adopting new changes. Charismatic leadership Charismatic leadership is implemented by employing such a person as a leader, who can be seen as an inspiring personality. These kinds of leaders should have expert and extraordinary knowledge in their field (Sonnentag, Unger and Ngel 2013). TESCO can apply this leadership style, where the employees need help of an expert hand to accomplish their job. It can also motivate employees by delegating them some authority in their work. For example, implementing Charismatic leadership in Infosys has improved the quality of their products, as the employees can perform accurately by getting expert help from the leaders. Standards and objectives for individual or group Monthly Target TESCO sets monthly target for each employee working in the organization. Each employee within the organization is to achieve specific set of goal at the end of every month. It is used as the standard for the employees, which they are to achieve. Based on their ability to achieve those set of goals, the employees are assessed. It will provide the progress level of the employees regarding their performance. Timeline TESCO set timeline for the task assigned to each employee. Timeline act as the standard for the employees, where they have to be able complete their task within the set timeline of the organization (Green et al. 2012). The strength and weakness of the employees are measured in terms of their accountability in accomplishing task within set time. Monitoring and controlling techniques Monitoring Techniques In order to monitor the success and sustainability of the organization, Tesco has thought of setting up five monitoring techniques, which can be referred to be performance indicators. Serial Number Monitoring Techniques Explanation 1 Customer retention Tesco has thought of retaining 70% of its consumers each year Delivery of service through employees is thought to be the core factor of customer retention 2 Gaining loyal consumers Tesco has thought of enhancing the consumer base by reaching up to 29.1% of new consumers This benchmark is supported by experienced marketing professionals from different nations 3 Customer shopping across channels 59.7% of the loyal consumers must try out multiple channel of products from Tesco New multichannel offerings must entertain all types of target market ranging from sized stores to grocery and online services 4 Family brand shopping Multichannel multibrand strategy covering interest of 64.3% of loyal consumers, who buy categorized items from Tesco only This helps in identifying creation of value across channels and brands 5 Loved by customers Beyond functional measures, Tesco believes in customer advocacy involving emotional connection with products Table: Tesco performance monitoring techniques (Source: Simonet and Tett 2013) Controlling Techniques Gap Analysis According to Fugate (2012), Tesco is one such multinational organization that constantly believes in addressing employee grievances and issues. Qualified service can only be delivered through satisfied employees and therefore, any issue from employees is instantly addressed. Figure: Gap Analysis (Source: Fugate 2012) Based on the above diagram, Tesco determines the amount of expectancy level at each financial year. The difference between present outcome and expected outcome will help in determining the gap. Such gap between management and employees are eradicated at every six months. Budget controlling using variance technique According to Ali (2013), the difference between expected budget and actual budget is termed as variance. Tesco controls its budgetary variance by increasing its amount of profit at each year. This is indicated by increase in sales revenue than budgeted. Plugge, Bouwman and Molina-Castillo (2013) pointed out that Tesco spots adverse variances quite before the actual happenings and reduces the same by cutting down wastage and thereby reducing costs. Termination of low performing employees and enhancing online promotions are the common ways that Tesco has taken till now for controlling budget. Non-budget Control Technique At present, Tesco follows seven non-budgetary control techniques. These are as follows: Serial Number Techniques Explanation 1 Statistical data All available and needed collectable data are presented in graph, table and charts. The representation helps in performance assessment. 2 Special report and analysis Particular performance areas are intruded through reports. Special staffs are appointed to collect such data and based on that gap is analyzed. 3 Break-even analysis Interrelationship between sales and expenses is analyzed. Volumes of revenues against expenses are also analyzed, helping financial stability. 4 Internal Audit Internal deviations are identified through this technique and necessary steps are taken. This is the most traditional technique that Tesco has taken. 5 Network Analysis Project evaluation and review technique through network diagram is analyzed. Sequence of events through critical path is determined against which operations are carried out. 6 Standard Costs Standard costs are calculated through labor and material cost against each units standard overhead cost. 7 Ratio Analysis Proper mix up and interrelationship of factors with each other is analyzed. The factors are net sales to inventory, administrative expenses to sales, net sales to working capital, quick ratio and break-even point. Table: Non-budget Control Techniques of Tesco Plc. (Source: Ouimet and Zarutskie 2014) Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that the role of management in TESCO are to plan, organize, lead and control the entire business operation. The mission of the organization is to be champion through improving the quality of customers life. The organization maintains transparent communication with the workplace among all hierarchy level. The role of human resource can be found in recruitment and employee relation. TESCO uses applicant tracking system and interview technique for recruiting capable employees for the organization. Along with maintaining effective organizational objectives, the organization concern for employees interest as well. They use Win-Win technique and compromising technique for resolving employee conflicts. Reference List Ali, A., 2013. How to differentiate between Leadershipand ManagementFunction in Organization: A Review of Scholarly Thoughts. International Journal of Economics Business and Management Studies,2(1), pp.38-44. Back, Y., Parboteeah, K.P. and Nam, D.I., 2014. Innovation in emerging markets: The role of management consulting firms.Journal of International Management,20(4), pp.390-405. Beadles, I.I., Aston, N., Lowery, C.M. and Johns, K., 2015. 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